Dog ear infection: Causes, symptoms and vet treatment

November 2025

Ear infections are one of the most common health issues affecting our canine companions. Around 20 percent of dogs experience some form of ear disease, with certain breeds being particularly susceptible. Understanding the signs, causes, and treatment options can help you keep your furry friend comfortable and healthy.

Ear infections can be painful, often causing dogs to shake their heads or scratch their ears to relieve discomfort. Otitis externa – an inflammation of the external ear canal – is the most frequent type of dog ear infection, as this part of the ear is most exposed to the outside world. 

Common symptoms include:

• Excessive head shaking
• Frequent ear scratching or pawing
• Redness and inflammation inside the ear
• Unusual odour
• Discharge that may appear brown, yellow, or black. 

You might also notice your dog tilting their head to one side, rubbing their face along the carpet, or showing signs of discomfort when you touch their ears.

In more severe cases involving middle or inner ear infections, your dog could experience balance problems, loss of coordination, or even behavioural changes in pets such as lethargy or reduced appetite. These symptoms require immediate veterinary attention.

With Allianz Pet Insurance, you're covered for up to €4000 each year for veterinary fees, including hospitalisation, X-rays, and more if your pet gets sick or injured. Premium reductions are available if your pet is micro-chipped (once off reduction only), if there are more than three pets insured on a policy, or if the owner is over 60 years old.

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Unlike humans, a dog’s ear canal is more vertical, forming an L-shape that tends to trap fluid, making dogs more prone to ear infections. These infections typically result from bacterial overgrowth, yeast infection, or a combination of both.

Several factors can trigger ear infections in dogs:

• Moisture from bathing or swimming that isn't properly dried 
• Environmental or food allergies 
• Ear mites
• Excessive earwax buildup
• Foreign objects, such as grass seeds, lodged in the ear canal
• Hormonal imbalances
• Immune system disorders

Dogs with floppy ears like cocker spaniels, basset hounds and golden retrievers or those who swim frequently face a higher risk of infection due to reduced air circulation and moisture retention.

Your veterinarian should be your first port of call if you notice any change in the behaviour of your pet, as veterinary care is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Consulting with your vet not only speeds up your pet’s recovery but also prevents the infection from spreading to the middle and inner ear.  

Your vet may use an otoscope to examine the ear canal and take a sample of the discharge for analysis. Depending on the severity of the infection, treatment may involve topical solutions, antibiotics, or in some cases, surgery.

To alleviate pain, your vet may prescribe medicated ear drops containing antibiotics, antifungals, and anti-inflammatory medications. 

Uncomplicated ear infections typically clear up within one to two weeks after treatment begins, though chronic conditions may require longer-term management.

While veterinary treatment is necessary for active infections, you can help prevent future episodes with simple home care routines. 

Regularly check your dog's ears for unusual smells or discharge. After swimming or bathing, dry your dog's ears thoroughly using a clean towel or a vet-recommended ear cleaner.

Never use cotton swabs inside your dog's ears, as they can push debris deeper or damage delicate tissues. For dogs prone to ear problems, routine veterinary check-ups help catch issues early before they escalate.

If you’re looking for more practical tips on preventive healthcare for your dog, our blog is a great place to start.

Ear infections can be painful and cause significant discomfort.

It’s unlikely. Without treatment, the infection can worsen and lead to more serious complications.

Factors such as allergies, moisture, or ear mites can irritate the ear canal, breaking down its protective barrier and allowing bacteria or yeast to grow.

Home treatment is not recommended. Only a vet can diagnose the cause and prescribe appropriate medication for safe, effective recovery.